Common terms used throughout this application:
The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom, identifying the chemical element.
The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element, measured in atomic mass units (u).
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
The energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom.